Islamic Refutation:

Abdullah Hashem Aba Al-Sadiq suggests that souls exist in two literal states: (1) as physical stars in the sky and (2) as subatomic particles. This concept is not supported by any authentic Quranic or Sunnah-based evidence. While Islam acknowledges the soul as part of the unseen (al-ghayb), it is never described as literally residing among the stars or as atomic entities.

Quran Reference:

"And they ask you [O Muhammad] about the soul. Say, 'The soul is of the affair of my Lord, and mankind has not been given of knowledge except a little.'" (Quran 17:85)

• Explanation: This verse highlights that the nature of the soul is a divine secret. Classical scholars, such as Imam Ibn Kathir, reiterate that human knowledge about the ruh is inherently limited.
• Conclusion: Depicting the soul as star-like or subatomic is an unfounded speculation and misrepresents the Islamic view.

Islamic Refutation:

The claim that Aristotle was a prophet is baseless in Islamic tradition. Although the Quran mentions there are prophets whose names are not revealed, no credible source in Islam names Aristotle as one of them.

Quran Reference:

"And [We sent] messengers about whom We have related [their stories] to you before and messengers about whom We have not related to you. And Allah spoke to Moses with direct speech." (Quran 4:164)

• Explanation: This verse confirms that not all messengers are explicitly identified in the Quran. However, Muslim scholars maintain there must be legitimate textual evidence to recognize someone as a prophet.
• Scholarly Consensus: No authoritative Islamic source - classical or contemporary - places Aristotle in the category of prophets. Historical records portray him strictly as a Greek philosopher.

Islamic Refutation:

Islam teaches that Allah sent messengers to every nation. However, identifying Krishna (a central figure in Hindu theology, often depicted as a deity) with an Islamic prophet is not supported by any recognized Quranic or Hadith text. Hinduism traditionally presents Krishna as an incarnation (avatar) of a divine being, which conflicts with Islamic tawheed (pure monotheism).

Quran Reference:

"And We certainly sent into every nation a messenger, [saying], 'Worship Allah and avoid false gods.'" (Quran 16:36)

• Meaning: Although every nation received guidance, it does not follow that any revered figure from other faiths, especially one worshipped as divine, must be equated with an Islamic prophet.
• Tafsir: Major commentaries (Tafsir Al-Tabari, Tafsir Ibn Kathir) do not identify Krishna as a prophet or messenger in the Islamic sense.

Islamic Refutation:

Islam makes the sanctity of life paramount. Any suggestion that killing is permissible merely because the soul is eternal is contrary to the explicit prohibitions found in the Quran and Sunnah. Killing outside of very specific circumstances is categorically prohibited.

Quran Reference:

"Because of that, We decreed upon the Children of Israel that whoever kills a soul unless for a soul or corruption done in the land, it is as if he had slain mankind entirely. And whoever saves one, it is as if he had saved mankind entirely." (Quran 5:32)

• Application: This verse stresses the severity of unjust killing, equating it to mass murder.
• Hadith Reference: The Prophet (SAW) listed "killing the soul that Allah has forbidden" among the "seven destructive sins" (Bukhari and Muslim).

Therefore, any argument that trivializes killing by claiming "souls cannot die" is a dangerous distortion of Islamic teachings.

Islamic Refutation:

The concept of Alam Al-Dhar (the realm of the particles) is recognized in Islamic exegesis as the event where Allah took a covenant from the progeny of Adam. Mainstream scholars explain this as a metaphysical phenomenon, not as a literal manifestation of quantum-scale beings or angelic subatomic life.

• Classical Tafsir: Works like Tafsir Al-Tabari and Tafsir Ibn Kathir elucidate that Allah gathered human souls in a pre-earthly realm to affirm His Lordship (Quran 7:172). This is not described in terms of physics or quantum mechanics.
• Lack of Evidence: Neither the Prophet (SAW) nor the Sahabah indicated that angels and souls exist in "two realms" in the sense of modern subatomic theory.

Hence, reinterpreting this covenant as referring to literal quantum particles goes beyond what authentic texts and scholars have taught.